Volume
53, Number 10 | March 2002
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Volume
53, Number 10 | March 2002 |
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» In January, with no public discussion and little fanfare, Washington began the first major extension of its "war on terrorism" beyond Afghanistan by sending U.S. troops into the Philippines. The contingent of nearly 700 troops, including 160 Special Forces soldiers, was sent to the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), which consists of a number of islands and one major city, and is populated chiefly by a few million Moros (Muslim Filipinos). The mission of the U.S. forces has been to "assess" the military situation, provide military advice, and "train" the 7000 Philippine soldiers currently pursuing the guerrillas of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) operating in the southern islands of Basilan and Jolo. | more | REVIEW
OF THE MONTH Empires throughout human history have relied on foreign military bases to enforce their rule, and in this respect at least, Pax Americana is no different than Pax Romana or Pax Britannica. Understanding the
Other Sister: One evening, shortly after September 11, I was conducting a college English class when one of my students asked a question about the accumulating body of information on women and Islam. It was one of many questions about the Middle East asked of me in the days after the tragedies; this one was about the veil, and why women in the Middle East "had to wear it." I explained that not all women in the Middle East were Muslim (I myself am a Palestinian Christian), but that even many Muslim women did not veil. However, many did, and for myriad reasons: mostly for personal and religious reasons and, for some, upon compulsion. Technology and the
Commodification of Higher Education The following article is adapted from David Noble's new book, Digital Diploma Mills: The Automation of Higher Education, just published by Monthly Review Press. Noble, a professor at York University, should need no introduction to MR readers. For the past three decades he has established himself as one of the great scholars and historians of technology, demystifying the subject and placing technology in the necessary social and political economic context. His publications include America by Design: Science, Technology, and The Rise of Corporate Capitalism (Alfred A. Knopf, 1977), Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation (Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), and The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and The Spirit of Invention (Alfred A. Knopf, 1997). Africa: Living on the Fringe Let us consider first some facts which are hardly mentioned by the incense-bearers of globalization. In 1990, the ratio of extra-regional trade to GDP for Africa was 45.6 percent while it was only 12.8 percent for Europe; 13.2 percent for North America; 23.7 percent for Latin America; and 15.2 percent for Asia. These ratios were not significantly different throughout the twentieth century. The average for the world was 14.9 percent in 1928 and 16.1 percent in 1990.1 The Cowboy Western and the Utopian
Impulse Nowhere in our culture has our instinct for freedom, or the utopian impulse, been expressed more consistently than in our fascination with the cowboy Western. Who was the cowboy and how did he enter our consciousness? In the three decades after the Civil War, British and U.S. capital created corporations to profit from the free grass of the Great Plains formerly grazed by buffalo. They hired cowboys to tend and herd cattle on their ranges and drive them to railhead markets. BOOK
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